What Is a 1099-C Form and When Do You Need to File It?

The IRS says canceled debt becomes taxable for you. If a lender forgives a debt and sends you an IRS 1099-C, you must include the amount as income on your taxes. Things like credit card debts, house foreclosures, handing back a car, and changing a home loan are common examples when you might get this form.

1099-C Form

What Is a Form 1099 C?

A 1099-C form is sent to you by lenders for debts forgiven. It shows loans of $600 or more. This form tells both sides, the lender and the borrower, about the forgiven debt. It's key for tax reporting.

When is a 1099-C Form Issued?

Lenders must send you a 1099-C if they forgive a $600 or bigger debt. It happens in cases like foreclosure, repossession, or a primary home loan change. The form is also sent to the IRS and you should keep a copy.

The 1099 C debt cancellation form includes details like when the debt was canceled, the amount, and any interest. It also describes the debt. For you, this info helps to report the forgiven debt correctly on your taxes.

1099-C Form and Cancellation of Debt

Debt Cancellation as Taxable Income

Nearly any debt that's forgiven, canceled, or discharged is seen as taxable income by the IRS. If you get a Form 1099-C from your lender, the amount forgiven counts as taxable income. This rule applies when $600 or more of debt is forgiven. Even if it's under $600, the lender must send the 1099-C cancellation of debt form. This debt still needs to be shown on your tax papers.

Exceptions to Taxable Cancelled Debt

Some cases don't add canceled debt to your taxable income. For example, debt canceled in a bankruptcy case under Title 11 is not taxed. Showing that you were insolvent at the time of debt forgiveness can also exempt you from taxes. Certain farm and real property debts don't count as taxable income when forgiven. Moreover, mortgage debt forgiven under special acts is also tax-free.

Exceptions to taxable canceled debt include bankruptcy, insolvency, certain farm debts, and special loan forgiveness programs. If the borrower of a student loan dies or becomes permanently disabled, the forgiven debt is not taxable. The American Rescue Plan makes student loan forgiveness not taxable as well.